Impact of COPD or Asthma on the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Comorbidities in Al-Wahda Derna Hospital

Abstract

Chronic respiratory diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma, represent major global health challenges and are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. These disorders are characterized by persistent airway inflammation and functional impairment, which may predispose patients to cardiovascular complications, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF)—the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical impact of AF among patients with COPD and asthma in the Internal Medicine Department of Al-Wehda Derna Hospital. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among patients diagnosed with COPD or asthma who were admitted to or followed up in the department. Data collected included demographic characteristics, clinical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease, and assessments. Statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between respiratory disease severity, comorbidities, and the occurrence of AF. Results revealed a higher prevalence of AF among patients with COPD compared to those with asthma. The occurrence of AF was significantly correlated with older age, severe pulmonary impairment, and the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities. The proposed mechanisms include systemic inflammation, chronic hypoxemia, and structural cardiac remodeling, particularly atrial enlargement. Patients with concurrent AF and chronic respiratory disease experienced increased hospitalization rates and reduced functional capacity. In conclusion, this study underscores the need for early cardiovascular screening and multidisciplinary management in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Routine arrhythmia monitoring and optimization of both pulmonary and cardiac therapies are essential to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.