Hematological and Biochemical Effects of Occupational Ionizing Radiation Exposure Among Radiology Workers in Western Libya

Abstract

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation may pose potential health hazards to radiology staff particularly in areas with limited radiation safety monitoring. Thus, the current study aimed to compare changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of healthcare workers with their corresponding controls. A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2024 and March 2025, comprising 109 participants including an exposed group (n=50) and a control group (n=59). Hematological parameters and liver function markers were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed using independent t-tests. The results revealed significant differences in platelet count (P =0.001), hemoglobin (P =0.002), mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCH (P =0.006), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCHC (P <0.001). The occupationally exposed group showed a reduced platelet count and increased hemoglobin indices compared with the control group. Biochemical analysis also showed a significant decrease in direct bilirubin levels (P =0.005), whereas no significant differences were revealed in other biochemical parameters. These findings suggest that chronic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation may be associated with subtle hematological and biochemical alterations among radiology staff. Regular monitoring and improved radiation safety practices are recommended to reduce potential risks.