A Short Review of Harmful Ingredients in Toothpastes and Their Health Effects

Abstract

Various microbial communities affect the progression of gingivitis and periodontitis, with more than 700 microbial species located within the oral cavity. Toothpaste is an abrasive-based product present in different forms, such as a paste, gel, foam, or liquid, containing both active and non-active ingredients.  It plays a role in oral health, prevention of dental decay, and maintenance of oral hygiene through its anti-plaque and antimicrobial properties. Although toothpastes exhibit health-beneficial properties, the majority of toothpastes' compositions contain specific ingredients that can cause adverse effects or cytotoxic responses as a result of misuse, or some individuals are allergic to certain ingredients.  Due to the rapid increase in the market for toothpastes, it is essential to evaluate the chemical composition and advantages or disadvantages of oral hygiene products. This article addresses recent data about harmful toothpaste ingredients and their impact on oral and body health.