Impact of Laparoscopic Surgery on Fertility Outcomes

Abstract

Infertility affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, with pelvic adhesions, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis being common causes. Laparoscopic surgery has emerged as a minimally invasive intervention that may improve fertility outcomes by restoring pelvic anatomy and reducing disease burden. A descriptive, analytical, and comparative study was conducted on a purposive sample of 100 women aged 20–40 years, weighing between 60 and 95 kilograms, who underwent laparoscopic surgery for infertility-related causes. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire documenting demographic, medical, and reproductive characteristics, as well as fertility outcomes after surgery. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, cross-tabulations, and Spearman’s correlation to assess associations between surgical intervention and fertility outcomes, with significance set at p = 0.01. Pregnancy occurred in 55% of participants following laparoscopic surgery, with 40% conceiving within six months. Assisted reproductive technologies were required in 60% of cases. Forty-five percent of pregnancies continued to term, while 25% ended in miscarriage. Complications occurred in 20% of cases, and 35% of women reported that weight influenced ovarian stimulation. Spearman’s correlation revealed moderate to strong positive associations between laparoscopic surgery and pregnancy outcomes, while negative correlations were observed for complications and weight influence. Laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective intervention for infertility associated with pelvic pathology, improving pregnancy rates and outcomes. Fertility success, however, remains influenced by age, BMI, type of infertility, and the need for assisted reproductive technologies. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment strategies and integration of surgical management with comprehensive reproductive care.