Targeted Cytotoxicity and Docking Studies of Novel Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives Against Human Cancer Cell Lines

Hussniya AlDifar; Basma Baaiu; Fakhri Elabbar

doi:10.54361/ajmas.269509

Authors

Hussniya AlDifar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benghazi, University of Benghazi, P.O. Box 1308, Benghazi, Libya. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1768-5103
Basma Baaiu Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benghazi, University of Benghazi, P.O. Box 1308, Benghazi, Libya. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1675-4670
Fakhri Elabbar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benghazi, University of Benghazi, P.O. Box 1308, Benghazi, Libya. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-9497

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54361/ajmas.269509

Keywords:

Enaminone, Cytotoxic, MCF-7, HePG-2, HCT116

Abstract

This study investigates the synthesis and cytotoxicity of four novel benzene sulfonamide derivatives (5a-d) derived from enaminone and sulfa drugs, assessed against human cell lines WI-38, MCF-7, HePG-2, and HCT-116, utilizing the MTT assay with doxorubicin and sorafenib as controls. Different IC50 values showed that the compounds had different cytotoxic profiles. For example, compound 5d was very effective in MCF-7 (IC50 = 31.93 ± 2.2 µM), but compound 5d was less effective in HCT-116 (IC50 = 38.44 ± 2.3 µM). These findings on the tumor microenvironment propose that structural alterations may augment anticancer efficacy. Also, when the synthesized compounds were docked against doxorubicin, it was found that compounds 5a and 5b had the strongest binding affinities in MCF-7 (-12.1 and -12.0 kcal/mol, respectively). Compounds 5a and 5b established numerous hydrogen bonds, thereby increasing binding stability, Wears compound 5d demonstrated diminished interactions. These results make people more aware of these compounds as possible treatments for cancer.