Comparative Phytochemical Screening, Biochemical Evaluation, and Metals of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Viburnum tinus plant

Abstract

By using two different solvents (aqueous and alcoholic), this study sought to quantitatively assess the primary biochemical components in the leaf and stem extracts of Viburnum tinus and conduct a qualitative phytochemical screening. Qualitative analysis of the plant extracts revealed the presence of several types of secondary metabolites. with a notable variation in their distribution based on the plant part and the solvent used.  Both sections had a large quantity of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, according to the findings. Among the tested samples, the alcoholic stem extract exhibited a strong presence of flavonoids and saponins. while the water leaf extract had a high concentration of tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. The importance of choosing the right solvent to isolate certain classes of chemicals is highlighted by these results. In terms of quantitative biochemical analysis, the leaves had much greater concentrations of total carbs (average 0. 492 mg/g), total protein (average 0. 862 mg/g), and total free amino acids (average 0. 656 mg/g) than the stems. The essential mineral content was also examined; the concentrations of Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), and Copper (Cu) ranged from 39. 15 to 60. 38 ppm, 1. 17 to 1. 57 ppm, and 1. 89 to 5. 73 ppm, respectively, with a relative increase in Fe levels in both leaves and stems.  These findings, in conjunction with the plant's potential for pharmaceutical and nutritional applications, demonstrate that Viburnum tinus, with the leaves in particular, represents a valuable source of bioactive compounds and important nutrients.